Effects of grape juice intake on the cell migration properties in overweight women: Modulation mechanisms of cell migration in vitro by delphinidin-3-O-glucoside.

Overweight and obesity are typical conditions of chronic low-intensity systemic inflammatory responses, and both have become more common in recent decades, which emphasizes the necessity for healthier diet intake. Fruits such as grapes are rich in anthocyanins, one of which is delphinidin, a promising chemopreventive agent with anti-inflammatory properties. Considering that polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) are rapidly mobilized to tissues when the inflammatory process is initiated, this study aimed to understand the impact of grape juice intake and delphinidin on the migration properties of PMNs. Overweight women ingested 500 mL of grape juice for 28 days, and then lipid and inflammatory profiles, as well as the white blood cell count (WBC), were evaluated. Additionally, the gene expression of inflammatory markers and quantified migration molecules such as CD11/CD18, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were evaluated in PMNs. The influence of delphinidin-3-O-glucoside in vitro on some migration properties was also evaluated. Grape juice intake did not influence the lipid profile or affect the WBC. However, NFκB gene expression was reduced in PMNs, also reducing the circulating values of IL-8, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1. The in vitro results demonstrated that delphinidin significantly reduced the migration potential of cells and reduced CD11-/CD18-positive cells, the gene expression of ICAM-1, and the phosphorylation and gene expression of NFκB. Additionally, delphinidin also reduced the production of IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2. Grape juice, after 28 days of intervention, influenced some properties related to cell migration, and delphinidin in vitro can modify the cell migration properties.

Reduced protein intake and aging affects the sustainment of hematopoiesis by impairing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Protein malnourishment (PM) is common among the elderly, but how aging and PM impact hematopoiesis is not fully understood. This study aimed to assess how aging and PM affect the hematopoietic regulatory function of bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Young and aged male C57BL/6J mice were fed with normoproteic or hypoproteic diets and had their nutritional, biochemical, and hematological parameters evaluated. BM MSCs were characterized and had their secretome, gene expression, autophagy, reactive oxygen species production (ROS), and DNA double-stranded breaks evaluated. The modulation of hematopoiesis by MSCs was assayed using in vitro and in vivo models. Lastly, BM invasiveness and mice survival were evaluated after being challenged with leukemic cells of the C1498 cell line. Aging and PM alter biochemical parameters, changing the peripheral blood and BM immunophenotype. MSC autophagy was affected by aging and the frequencies for ROS and DNA double-stranded breaks. Regarding the MSCs' secretome, PM and aging affected CXCL12, IL-6, and IL-11 production. Aging and PM up-regulated Akt1 and PPAR-γ while down-regulating Cdh2 and Angpt-1 in MSCs. Aged MSCs increased C1498 cell proliferation while reducing their colony-forming potential. PM and aging lowered mice survival, and malnourishment accumulated C1498 cells at the BM. Finally, aged and/or PM MSCs up-regulated Sox2, Nanog, Pou5f1, and Akt1 expression while down-regulating Cdkn1a in C1498 cells. Together, aging and PM can induce cell-intrinsic shifts in BM MSCs, creating an environment that alters the regulation of hematopoietic populations and favoring the development of malignant cells.

Zinc and aging: a narrative review of the effects on hematopoiesis and its link with diseases.

There has been a global increase in the older population in recent decades and, as age advances, complex metabolic and epigenetic changes occur in the organism, and these may trigger some health complications commonly found among this population. Additionally, several changes occur in older people that can reduce the dietary intake or the process of nutrient absorption. In this way, tissues with high nutrient requirements are more affected. Hematopoiesis is the process of formation, development, and maturation of blood cells and is a process with a high turnover. This high demand makes the integrity of the hematopoietic process susceptible to various factors that impair physiological function, such as aging and micronutrient bioavailability. Among these micronutrients, Zinc is considered an important micronutrient, playing diverse roles across various tissues and cell types. Some of the alterations in hematopoiesis that appear as a consequence of aging and due to insufficient micronutrient intake are well described in the literature; however, not much is known about how zinc deficiency contributes towards the development of diseases seen in aging. Considering the importance of zinc to act on several biological processes, this narrative review discusses several studies related to the physiological requirements, deficiency, or excess of zinc, including studies in experimental models and humans, and aimed to shed light on the relationship between zinc and the regulation of hematopoietic tissue, exploring possible links between this mineral with common disorders that appear during aging.

A review of the role of zinc finger proteins on hematopoiesis.

The bone marrow is responsible for producing an incredible number of cells daily in order to maintain blood homeostasis through a process called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis is a greatly demanding process and one entirely dependent on complex interactions between the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and its surrounding microenvironment. Zinc (Zn2+) is considered an important trace element, playing diverse roles in different tissues and cell types, and zinc finger proteins (ZNF) are proteins that use Zn2+ as a structural cofactor. In this way, the ZNF structure is supported by a Zn2+ that coordinates many possible combinations of cysteine and histidine, with the most common ZNF being of the Cys2His2 (C2H2) type, which forms a family of transcriptional activators that play an important role in different cellular processes such as development, differentiation, and suppression, all of these being essential processes for an adequate hematopoiesis. This review aims to shed light on the relationship between ZNF and the regulation of the hematopoietic tissue. We include works with different designs, including both in vitro and in vivo studies, detailing how ZNF might regulate hematopoiesis.

A mini-review on the use of waste in the production of sustainable Portland cement composites.

With an increase in climate and environmental issues awareness, the use of waste of various types has gained increased visibility, acknowledging that wastes are any and all kinds of unused materials from the production process or after using the final product for its intended purpose. The use of wastes to produce alternative cement materials is an alternative to reduce the use of natural resources. Forestry residues, ash, plastic residues, LDPE/Al composites, and geopolymer materials are some of the possible residues used for the partial replacement of cement materials. The objective of this research is to establish how these materials relate to each other, based on a topic review and how they can contribute towards sustainability. The study was performed on several scientific article search engines, in which the keywords 'Carton Packages', 'Wood Waste' and 'Geopolymers' were inserted, and then a refinement was carried out using the term 'Cement Materials'. Such analysis allowed the generation of information related to publication numbers, countries, research areas, as well as publication types. Co-authorship networks of organization, co-citation of references, co-occurrence of keywords, among others, were also plotted. Through this bibliometric analysis, it was possible to reveal the structure of the research, analyse the developments and predict the future directions for the research regarding the use of residues in the production of sustainable Portland cement composites.

Avaliação dos efeitos modulatórios da hematopoese no envelhecimento: Papel das células tronco mesenquimais medulares / Evaluation of the modulatory effects of hematopoiesis during aging: Role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

O envelhecimento é um processo fisiológico que traz consigo uma série de alterações no organismo que se estendem até o nível molecular. Diante disto, este é um processo complexo que afeta diversos tecidos, sendo um deles o hematopoético, local onde, através de interações da Célula Tronco Hematopoética (CTH) com o ambiente ao seu redor, incluindo a Célula Tronco Mesenquimal (CTM), ocorre a hematopoese. Embora já sejam descritas na literatura algumas alterações na medula óssea consequentes do envelhecimento, os mecanismos por trás de tais mudanças permanecem elusivas, principalmente no âmbito das interações celulares ocorrentes na medula óssea. Portanto, este trabalho buscou investigar como o envelhecimento afeta a regulação hematopoética no contexto de sua relação com as CTM medulares. Para esta pesquisa, foram utilizados camundongos machos isogênicos da linhagem C57BL/6, dividindoos em grupos conforme sua idade: jovens (3 ­ 5 meses) e idosos (18 ­ 19 meses). Foi realizada a caracterização do modelo através de aspectos físicos como consumo proteico, variação de peso, entre outros, seguido de avaliação bioquímica e hematológica. Adicionalmente, foram coletadas células medulares e, posteriormente, realizado o isolamento das CTMs. Para estudar a relação destas células com a hematopoese, foram realizados ensaios in vitro utilizando a linhagem celular leucêmica C1498 (TIB-49™, ATCC®) mantidas em contato com o sobrenadante das CTMs isoladas. Quanto aos parâmetros bioquímicos, os animais idosos apresentaram menores níveis de albumina, aspartato alanina transferase (ALT) e de triglicerídeos quando comparados aos animais jovens. Contrariamente, os animais idosos apresentaram um maior nível de colesterol. Na avaliação hematológica, foi constatado pelo hemograma que os animais idosos apresentaram valores comparáveis aos animais jovens, todavia, o mielograma mostrou menor celularidade geral, seguido de menor número de células da linhagem eritroide e maior número de precursores granulocíticos. Através da imunofenotipagem, foi revelado um maior número de CTHs e de precursores grânulosmonocíticos na medula de animais idosos quando comparado aos jovens, e uma menor frequência de progenitores linfoides. Na imunofenotipagem de sangue periférico de animais idosos houve uma redução no número de linfócitos B e de eritrócitos, e aumento na população de células natural killers. Na imunofenotipagem de CTMs, o marcador CD73 apresentou menor expressão nos animais idosos. Avaliando o secretoma destas células estromais, foram encontrados no sobrenadante de CTMs de animais idosos aumentos significativos nas concentrações de CXCL12 e SCF e redução de IL-11. No âmbito molecular, as CTMs de animais idosos apresentaram aumento na expressão de Akt1, Nos e Ppar-γ, e redução na expressão de Csf3 e Cdh2. Adicionalmente, quando comparado a ação das CTMs de animais idosos em relação as CTMs de animais jovens, observou-se que CTMs de animais idosos foram capazes de aumentar a expressão de Sox2, Pou5f1 e Nanog e diminuir a expressão de Cdkn1a de células da linhagem C1498. O sobrenadante de CTMs de animais idosos também resultou na maior proliferação e migração de células da linhagem C1498. Portanto, levando em consideração a importância das CTMs sobre a regulação do sistema hematopoético, pode-se concluir que, no envelhecimento, as CTMs criam um ambiente propício para a proliferação celular no qual a manutenção da pluripotência é estimulada, o que pode acarretar em uma desregulação do sítio hematopoético quando habitado por células malignas

Aging is a physiological process in which occurs a series of alterations in an organism that extend to a molecular level. It is a complex process that affects various tissues, one of them being the bone marrow, wherethrough the interactions of the hematopoietic stem cell (CTH) with its surrounding environment, including with the mesenchymal stem cell (CTM), hematopoiesis takes place. Although some aging-associated alterations in the bone marrow can be found described in the literature, the mechanisms behind said changes remain elusive, especially when regarding the cellular interactions present inside the bone marrow. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate how aging affects the regulation of hematopoiesis in the context of its interactions with bone marrow-derived CTMs. For this investigation, male isogenic C57BL/6 mice were used as animal models. These were separated in two groups according to their age: young (3 ­ 5 months) and aged (18 ­ 19 months). The animal models were characterized by their physical properties such as protein intake and weight variation, followed by biochemical and hematological evaluation. Bone marrow cells were obtained and identified through immunophenotyping, thus isolating different cell populations, including the CTMs. To study the relationship between these cells and hematopoiesis, in vitro assays were conducted utilizing the leukemic cell lineage C1498 (TIB-49™, ATCC®) maintained in contact with the supernatant of isolated CTMs. By their biochemical profile, aged mice showed lower levels of albumin, alanine-aspartate transferase (ALT) and triglycerides compared to the young group. In contrast, aged mice had a higher cholesterol level. Hematological evaluation by total blood count showed similar results between the two groups, however, the myelogram revealed that the aged animals had lower cellularity, with less frequent cells from the erythroid lineage, with an increase in granulocytic precursors. Through immunophenotyping, it was also revealed that aged mice have higher numbers of hematopoietic stem cells, while also being noted a reduced population of lymphoid progenitors. An increase in the granulomonocytic progenitors was also found. Immunophenotyping peripheral blood cells of aged mice revealed reduced numbers of B lymphocytes and erythrocytes, and an increased natural killer cell population. Additionally, the cell surface marker CD73 was found to be less expressed in aged mice CTMs. The secretome of these stromal cells obtained from aged mice showed higher levels of CXCL12 and SCF, and lower levels of IL-11when compared to the young counterparts. At a molecular level, CTMs obtained from aged mice expressed more Akt1, Nos and Ppar-γ, while the expression of Csf3 and Cdh2 was reduced. Additionally, when comparing the effects of aged mice CTMs with young mice CTMs, it was observed that the first expressed were capable of increasing the expression of Sox2, Pou5f1 and Nanog, while decreasing Cdkn1a expression in the C1498 cell lineage. The supernatant obtained from aged mice also favored the proliferation and cell migration of the C1498 cell line. Thus, considering the importance that CTMs have over the hematopoietic system, we can conclude that, in aging, CTMs create a special environment which favors cell proliferation and maintenance of pluripotency, which can result in a dysregulation of the hematopoietic tissue when malignant cells are present

Revisiting the Relative Age Effect From a Multidisciplinary Perspective in Youth Basketball: A Bayesian Analysis.

Relative age effect (RAE) is considered to bias the selection of young athletes and a cause of exclusion of many participants. The goal of the study was to unveil the effects of the birth quarter on physical performances and a set of psychological constructs in the age groups corresponding to the specialization years. A set of surveys with cross-sectional data collected from 2015 to 2019 in youth basketball was used. Three hundred and twenty-seven Brazilian players (127 females, 100 males), mean age 14.0 years, participated in the study. Counter-movement jump, line-drill, yoyo intermittent test, achievement goals, motivation for deliberate practice, and enjoyment were measured. Bayesian multilevel regression was performed. RAE was observed but its advantages did not persist and did not differentiate the players in the variables under scrutiny. The only predictor of athletic and psychological outcomes was chronological age. The initial advantage that triggered the coaches' decision to select individual players disappears during the specialization years. Coaches must overcome the superficial observation of young athletes based only on age groups and actual performances, avoiding hasty decisions that, unlike RAE, last in time and cannot be reversed.

Avaliação da presença de anemia e de deficiência de ferritina em pacientes atendidos no Laboratório de Análises Clínicas do Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará / Evaluation of the anemia presence and ferritin deficiency in patients attended at the Clinical Analyses Laboratory of the University Center of the State of Pará

Objetivo: Este estudo buscou analisar a presença de anemia, definida como a redução nos níveis de hemoglobina, e relacioná-la com a deficiência de ferritina sérica entre pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 15 anos, identificando possíveis casos de anemia ferropriva. Métodos: Foi realizada a coleta de resultados laboratoriais de pacientes que realizaram o exame de hemograma completo acompanhado da dosagem de ferritina no Laboratório de Análises Clínicas do CESUPA durante o período de agosto de 2018 a junho de 2019. Pacientes que realizaram ambos os exames e revelaram baixos níveis de hemoglobina foram inclusos, obtendo-se assim uma amostra de 177 pacientes anêmicos. Resultados: Nos pacientes incluídos no estudo, constatou-se que a faixa etária com maior prevalência de anemia foi a de pacientes com idade entre 61 a 70 anos de idade, representando 27,1% da amostra total. Classificando-se os tipos de anemia presente com base em seus índices hematimétricos, notou-se maior frequência daquelas com perfil de normocitose e normocromia (55,4%), seguida de microcitose e hipocromia (31,6%) e de macrocitose com normocromia (2,3%). Entre os pacientes com perfil de microcitose e hipocromia, 91,1% apresentaram anisocitose. Dos 177 pacientes anêmicos, apenas 19 (10,7%) apresentaram valores baixos de ferritina, enquanto que os pacientes com níveis normais de ferritina foram os mais frequentes (59,9%). Conclusão: O perfil hematimétrico compatível com quadros de anemia ferropriva foi o segundo mais frequente neste estudo, sendo o de normocitose e normocromia o mais frequente, assim corroborando com maior parte das faixas etárias identificadas.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the presence of anemia, being evaluated by the reduced hemoglobin levels, and associate it with serum ferritin deficiency among patients at 15 years old or greater, identifying possible cases of iron-deficiency anemia. Methods: Exam results from patients who did the complete blood count exam and the dosage of ferritin levels at the Laboratory of Clinical Analyzes from CESUPA during the interval of august 2018 to june 2019 were collected. Patients who performed both tests and revealed low hemoglobin levels were included, creating a sample of 177 anemic patients. Results: In the patients included in this study, it was found that anemia was most prevalent among patients with an age within the range of 61 to 70 years old, representing 27,1% of the total sample. Classifying the types of anemia present by use of the hematimetric paramaters, it was noted that those with the profile of normocytic and normochromic were the most frequent (55,4%), followed by the profile of microcytic and hypocromic anemia patients with microcytosis and hypochromia, 91,1% also had the presence of anisocytosis. Of the 177 patients with anemia, only 19 (10,7%) showed low ferritin levels, while those with normal ferritin levels were the most frequent (59,9%). Conclusion: The hematimetric profile compatible with iron-deficiency anemia was the second most frequent in this study, while the profile of microcytosis and hypochromia was the most frequent one, thus corroborating with most of the identified age groups.

Muscle dysfunction is associated with poorer health-related quality of life in adults with sickle cell anaemia.

BACKGROUND: It is known that episodes of microvascular obstruction and oxidative stress in sickle cell anaemia (SCA) can damage muscle tissue. As a consequence, deterioration in muscle function may potentially contribute to poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in subjects with SCA, particularly those who do not use long-term treatment. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate muscle function in adults with SCA, to study the correlations between muscle function and HRQoL and to analyse the impact of hydroxyurea treatment. METHODS: Twenty-two adults with SCA and 20 matched controls were subjected to Short Form-36 (SF-36), respiratory muscle strength measurement, isometric hand grip strength (iHGS) measurement and knee isokinetic dynamometry. RESULTS: In relation to their healthy peers, adults with SCA had lower SF-36 scores, respiratory muscle strength and iHGS. Regarding the isokinetic test, adults with SCA showed lower values, especially in the variables measured in flexion and with an angular velocity of 240∘/s. There was a significant correlation between the peak torque (PT) at 240∘/s and the physical component summary (SF-36PCS) in both extension (r= 0.77; p< 0.001) and flexion (r= 0.82; p< 0.001). Significant correlations were also observed between the agonist/antagonist ratio at 240∘/s and the SF-36PCS (r= 0.50; p< 0.001). The use of hydroxyurea led to higher scores on the SF-36 and higher values in knee isokinetic dynamometry. CONCLUSIONS: Adults with SCA have muscle dysfunction, especially with regard to endurance of the knee flexor muscles. In these patients, there is a significant association between muscle function and HRQoL. Moreover, the use of hydroxyurea is associated with better HRQoL and less muscle dysfunction.

Changes in tactical performance and self-efficacy on young female basketball players / Variações na performance tática e na autoeficácia de jovens meninas atletas de basquetebol

Abstract The present study examined changes in tactical performance and self-efficacy amongyoung female basketball players across a 4-months competitive season. Repeated measures preand post a 4-month season in 30 young female basketball players (11.4 to 14.7 years-old) was considered. We applied the Self-Efficacy General Scale and examined tactical performance in a standardized 3 vs 3 exercise in half court. The 3 vs 3 exercise was analysed using Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) and Team Sport Assessment Procedure (TSAP).We examined changes in tactical performance and self-efficacy using multilevel modelling.Theresults showed that changes of Self-Efficacy scores were not influenced by 4 months of training across competition period, chronological age and years of sport participation, the changes of TSAP performance was influenced only by years of sport participation, and the changes of GPAI performance was influenced only by the period of training and competition games.

Resumo O presente estudo examinou mudanças na performance tática e na autoeficácia de jovens meninas atletas de basquetebol durante quatro meses de treinamento em temporada competitiva. Foramrealizadas medidas repetidas pré e pós 4 meses em 30 jovens meninas atletas de basquetebol (11.4 a 14.7 anos). Foi aplicado o questionário Self-Efficacy General Scale e avaliada a performance tática em atividade padronizada 3x3 utilizando o Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) e o Team Sport Assessment Procedure (TSAP). Avaliou-se as variações de performance tática e de autoeficácia usando modelação multinível. Os resultados mostraram que as variações nos scores de autoeficácia não foram influenciados pelos 4 meses de treinamento durante a temporada competitiva,pela idade cronológica e nem pelos anos de participação esportiva; as mudanças de performance no TSAP foram influenciadas apenas pelos anos de participação e as variações de performance no GPAI foram influenciadas apenas pelo período de treino e jogos competitivos.

Developmental Assets in Adolescent Basketball Players: Influence of Age, Maturation, Size and Functional Capacities / Activos de Desarrollo en Jugadores de Baloncesto Adolescentes: Influencia de la Edad, Maduración, Tamaño y Capacidades Funcionales / Ativos de desenvolvimento em adolescentes jogadores de basquetebol: influencia da idade, maturacao, tamanho e capacidades funcionáis

Sports participation has been referred as having important influence in positive youth development (PYD) in many life-long aspects, as social, physical, physiological and intellectual components. The aim of this study was to verify influences of body size, growth-related changes and age in developmental assets. This cross-sectional design study considered 45 male adolescent basketball players aged 13.6 ± 1.5 years. Participants were engaged in a club structured training program and competed at state level competition, supervised by the Federacao Paulista de Basketball (Sao Paulo's state basketball Federation). There was substantial variation between athletes for all variables. Inspection of credible intervals showed a substantial variation in body size and functional capacity indicators between players grouped by age group and by maturity status. However, substantial variation by both age group or maturity status was present for DAP dimensions. No relation was observed between DAP dimensions with body size and functional capacity, partitioning the substantial variation between players by age group and maturity status. In the present study there was no substantial variation in developmental assets of adolescent basketball players by age or estimated maturity status. Also, from a multidimensional perspective, there was no influence of body dimensions and functional capacities with developmental assets

Se ha mencionado que la participación deportiva tiene una influencia importante en el desarrollo positivo de la juventud (PYD) en muchos aspectos de la vida, como componentes sociales, físicos, fisiológicos e intelectuales. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar las influencias del tamaño corporal, los cambios relacionados con el crecimiento y la edad en los activos de desarrollo. Este estudio de diseño transversal incluyó a 45 jugadores adolescentes de baloncesto de 13.6 ± 1.5 años. Los participantes se involucraron en un programa de entrenamiento estructurado en clubes y compitieron en una competencia a nivel estatal, supervisada por la Federação Paulista de Basketball (Federación estatal de baloncesto de São Paulo). Hubo una variación sustancial entre los atletas para todas las variables. La inspección de intervalos creíbles mostró una variación sustancial en el tamaño corporal y los indicadores de capacidad funcional entre los jugadores agrupados por grupo de edad y por estado de madurez. Sin embargo, una variación sustancial por grupo de edad o estado de madurez estuvo presente para las dimensiones DAP. No se observó ninguna relación entre las dimensiones de DAP con el tamaño corporal y la capacidad funcional, dividiendo la variación sustancial entre jugadores por grupo de edad y estado de madurez. En el presente estudio no hubo una variación sustancial en los activos de desarrollo de los jugadores de baloncesto adolescentes por edad o estado de madurez estimado. Además, desde una perspectiva multidimensional, no hubo influencia de las dimensiones corporales y las capacidades funcionales con los activos de desarrollo

A participação esportiva tem sido referida como uma importante influência no desenvolvimento positivo de jovens (PYD) em muitos aspectos ao longo da vida, tais quais componentes sociais, físicos, psicológicos e intelectuais. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar influências do tamanho corporal, mudanças relacionadas ao crescimento e idade nos ativos de desenvolvimento. Esse estudo de desenho transversal considerou 45 adolescentes do sexo masculino jogadores de basquete de 13.6 ± 1.5 anos. Os participantes estavam engajados em um programa de treinamento de clube estruturado e competiam no nível estadual, supervisionado pela Federação Paulista de Basketball (Federação estadual de São Paulo). Não houve variação substancial entre os atletas para todas as variáveis. A observação dos intervalos de confiança mostrou uma variação substancial nos indicadores de tamanho corporal e capacidade funcional entre os jogadores agrupados por grupo etário e estágio de maturação. Entretanto, uma variação substancial foi encontrada tanto pelo grupo etário quanto para o estágio de maturação nas dimensões do DAP. Não foi observada relação entre as dimensões do DAP com o tamanho corporal e capacidade funcional, considerando a variação substancial entre os jogadores por agrupamentos grupo etário e estágio de maturação. No presente estudo, não houve variação significativa nos ativos de desenvolvimento de jogadores de basquete pela idade e nem pelo estágio maturacional estimado. Também, pela perspectiva multidimensional, não houveram influências do tamanho corporal e das capacidades funcionais com os ativos de desenvolvimento

A formação de jovens futebolistas além das quatro linhas: uma análise sob a ótica dos técnicos de Brasil e Portugal / The formation of young footballers beyond the four lines: an analysis from the point of view of technicians from Brazil and Portugal / La formación de los jugadores jóvenes más allá de las cuatro líneas: un análisis desde la perspectiva de los técnicos de Brasil y Portugal

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o processo de formação de jovens futebolistas sob a pers-pectiva de técnicos do Brasil e Portugal. Oito técnicos participaram deste estudo, sendo quatro brasileiros e quatro portugueses. Foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada, da qual emergiram quatro categorias. O processo de formação de atletas é diferente entre os países. O contexto social e pedagógico no Brasil passa por diversos departamentos específicos antes de chegar ao técnico, por outro lado, em Portugal o técnico tem mais proximidade com as questões sociais que envolvem os atletas. Uma realidade pode aprender com a outra, a fim de que os atletas se desenvolvam não só tecnicamente, mas também desenvolvam outras competências no caso de insucesso no futebol.

The aim of the present study was to analyse the process of training of young soccer players under the perspective of coaches from Brazil and Portugal. Eight coaches took part in the study, being four Brazilian and four Portuguese. A semi-structured interview was used to generate data, from which four categories emerged. The process of training athletes is differ-ent in each country. The social and pedagogical context in Brazil goes through diverse de-partments before coming to the coach; on the other hand, in Portugal the coach is closer to the social factors involving their athletes. Both realities can learn with each other, so that athletes can develop not only technically, but also develop other skills in case of failure in soccer.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el proceso de formación de jóvenes futbolistas desde la perspectiva de técnicos de Brasil y de Portugal. Ocho técnicos participaron en este estudio, cuatro brasileños y cuatro portugueses. Se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada y, a partir de esa entrevista, surgieron cuatro categorías. El proceso de formación de atletas es diferente entre países. El contexto social y educativo en Brasil pasa por varios departamentos específi-cos antes de llegar al técnico. Por el contrario, en Portugal el entrenador tiene más proximidad con las cuestiones sociales que envuelven a los atletas. Una realidad puede aprender con la otra, con el objetivo de que los atletas se desarrollen no apenas técnicamente, sino también que desarrollen otras habilidades en el caso de que no obtengan suceso en el fútbol.

Influence of coaches on sources of enjoyment in youth basketball / Influencia de los entrenadores como fuentes para disfrutar en el baloncesto juvenil

We examined the influence of coaches on sources of enjoyment of youth basketball players accounting for differences in chronological age, biological maturity status and years of training experience. Fifty-eight male basketball players aged 9.5 to 15.5 years were considered from a youth club. Three coaches supervising yearly age group teams from under 11 to under 15 teams were considered. Variables included chronological age, estimated age at peak height velocity, years of training experience, stature, body mass and sitting height by anthropometry; Sources of Enjoyment in Youth Sport Questionnaire was used. Multilevel modelling was used to partition variance between groups and control the influence of age and maturity status on enjoyment. Variance partition coefficients derived from multilevel null models showed a substantial variation by coach for age, maturity status and body dimensions. For the sources of enjoyment dimensions it was apparent an influence of the coach mostly for positive parental involvement. Controlling separately for age and somatic maturity status category, substantial variation by coach became apparent for self-referenced competencies and affiliation with peers, and the influence of coach was removed for positive parental involvement. After controlling variation associated to the coach the influence of age and maturity status remained present. The influence of the coach in the sources of enjoyment in adolescent basketball was apparent in adolescent basketball players. Furthermore, coaches´ influence became more apparent after accounting for age and biological maturity status differences between players (AU)

El presente estudio investiga la influencia de los entrenadores en la satisfaccion con la practica deportiva en baloncesto juvenil, considerando las diferencias en la edad cronologica, maduracion biologica y anos de experiencia de entrenamiento. Los participantes (n = 58) de 9.5 a 15.5 anos de un club de baloncesto juvenil participaron en el estudio. Tres entrenadores del club que conduciran equipas de sub-11 a sub-15 fueran considerados. Las variables incluyen la edad cronologica, edad estimada en el pico de crecimiento en la pubertad, anos de experiencia de entrenamiento; estatura, masa corporal e altura sentado por antropometria; y el cuestionario Sources of Enjoyment in Youth Sport. Modelos multinivel fueran utilizados para investigar la variancia entre grupos y controlar el efecto de la edad y del estado de maduracion en la satisfaccion con la practica deportiva. Los coeficientes de particion de la variancia resultantes de los modelos multinivel (modelos nulos) muestran una variacion substancial cuando los jugadores estan agrupados por entrenador para la edad, maduracion biologica y tamano corporal. En las dimensiones del Sources of Enjoyment in Youth Sport fue aparente una influencia del entrenador, sobretodo en el envolvimiento parental positivo. Controlando separadamente para la edad y de la maduracion biologica, la influencia del entrenador se observa para las competencias auto referenciadas y para la afiliacion con los pares, siendo removida la influencia del entrenador para el envolvimiento parental positivo. Despues de controlar la variacion asociada al entrenador la influencia de la edad e de la maduración biologica se mantenia. La influencia del entrenador en la satisfaccion con la practica deportiva en baloncesto juvenil fue aparente en lo presiente estudio, mas cuando se controla la variacion entre jugadores en la edad cronologica y la maduracion biológica (AU)

Variabilidade do desempenho no line-drill test em adolescentes jogadores de basquetebol / Performance variability in line-drill test in adolescent basketball players / Variabilidad del desempeño en el line-drill test en jugadores adolescentes de baloncesto

RESUMO Introdução: A prática de basquetebol durante a adolescência aumenta o tamanho corporal e o desempenho funcional. O basquetebol envolve esforços máximos de curta duração com mudanças de direção que utilizam o metabolismo anaeróbico e a agilidade. Objetivo: Examinar a variação do desempenho no Line-drill Test em adolescentes jogadores de basquetebol (n = 59, faixa etária 9 a 15 anos) com relação ao estado de maturação somática (idade estimada do pico da velocidade de crescimento [PVC]) e à variação do tamanho corporal. Métodos: Foi considerada a idade cronológica, o tempo previsto para a idade do PVC pelo protocolo maturity offset, a estatura e a massa corporal medidas por antropometria e o desempenho no Line-drill Test. Foram utilizados modelos alométricos proporcionais para controlar a variação associada ao tamanho corporal, idade cronológica e estado de maturação na variação interindividual no Line-drill Test. Resultados: Observou-se uma relação linear negativa elevada entre o desempenho no Line-drill Test e a idade cronológica (r = - 0,64, IC 95% -0,77 a -0,46, p < 0,01). A relação entre o desempenho no Line-drill Test e o tempo até a idade do PVC mostrou ser não linear, indicando desaceleração na variação do desempenho, aproximadamente entre a idade do PVC e um ano após o PVC predito. Os modelos alométricos mostraram uma relação negativa entre o tamanho corporal e o desempenho no Line-drill Test. A amplitude da variância explicada nos modelos alométricos proporcionais foi de 0,28 a 0,48. Foram observados expoentes negativos de pequena magnitude para a idade cronológica e para o indicador de maturação, sendo, porém, significativos e de amplitude reduzida (-0,05 a -0,06). Conclusão: A utilização de modelos alométricos para controlar a influência do tamanho corporal tem o potencial de ajudar a compreender o desenvolvimento dos desempenhos de agilidade durante a adolescência em jogadores de basquetebol.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The practice of basketball during adolescence increases the body size and functional performance. Basketball involves short-time maximum effort for changes of direction, which use anaerobic metabolism and agility. Objective: To examine the variation in performance in the Line-drill Test in adolescent basketball players (n=59, age 9-15 years) in relation to the stage of somatic maturity (estimated age of peak growth velocity [PGV]) and the variation in body size. Methods: We considered chronological age, estimated time for the age of PGV by the maturity offset protocol, height and body mass measured by anthropometry, and performance in the Line Drill Test. Proportional allometric models were used to control the variation associated with the body size, chronological age, and maturity of inter-individual variation in the Line-drill Test. Results: We found a high negative linear relationship between performance in the Line-drill Test and chronological age (r=-0.64, 95% IC -0.77 - -0.46, p<0.01). The relationship between performance on the Line-drill Test and the time until the age of PGV proved to be non-linear, indicating slowdown in performance variation, approximately from the age of PGV and one year after the predicted PGV. The allometric models showed a negative relationship between body size and performance in the Line-drill Test. The amplitude of variance explained in the proportional allometric models ranged from 0.28 to 0.48. Negative exponents of small magnitude were observed for chronological age and the indicator of maturity being, however, significant and with reduced amplitude (-0.05 to -0.06) Conclusion: The use of allometric models to control the influence of body size can potentially help to understand the development of agility performances in adolescent basketball players.

RESUMEN Introducción: La práctica de baloncesto durante la adolescencia aumenta el tamaño corporal y el rendimiento funcional. El baloncesto implica un esfuerzo máximo de corta duración con cambios de dirección que utilizan el metabolismo anaeróbico y la agilidad. Objetivo: Examinar la variación de rendimiento en el Line-drill Test en jugadores adolescentes de baloncesto (n = 59, edad 9-15 años) en respecto al estado de maduración somática (edad estimada del pico de velocidad de crecimiento [PVC]) y la variación del tamaño corporal. Métodos: Se consideró edad cronológica, el tiempo estimado para la edad del PVC por el protocolo maturity offset, la estatura y la masa corporal medida por antropometría y el rendimiento en el Line-drill Test. Modelos alométricos proporcionales fueron utilizados para controlar la variación asociada con el tamaño corporal, la edad cronológica y el estado de maduración en la variación interindividual en el Line-drill Test. Resultados: Hubo una alta relación lineal negativa entre el rendimiento en el Line-drill Test y la edad cronológica (r = -0,64, IC de 95% -0,77 a -0,46, p < 0,01). La relación entre el rendimiento en el Line-drill Test y el tiempo hasta la edad del PVC resultó ser no lineal, lo que indica una desaceleración en la variación del rendimiento, aproximadamente entre la edad del PVC y un año después del PVC previsto. Los modelos alométricos mostraron una relación negativa entre el tamaño corporal y el rendimiento en el Line-drill Test. La amplitud de la variación explicada en los modelos alométricos proporcionales fue de 0,28 a 0,48. Fueron observados exponentes negativos de pequeña magnitud para la edad cronológica y para el indicador de maduración, siendo, sin embargo, significativos y de amplitud reducida (-0,05 a -0,06). Conclusión: El uso de modelos alométricos para controlar la influencia del tamaño corporal tiene el potencial para ayudar a entender el desarrollo del rendimiento de agilidad durante la adolescencia en jugadores de baloncesto.

KIR repertory in patients with hematopoietic diseases and healthy family members.

BACKGROUND: Since the discovery of specific histocompatibility, literature has associated genes involved in the immune response, like the Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA), with a better prognosis in transplantation. However, other non-HLA genes may also influence the immune process, such as the genes encoding the immunoglobulin-like receptors of natural killer cells (KIRs). The discovery that NK cell KIR receptors interact with conservative epitopes (C1, C2, Bw4) presented in HLA class I molecules that are genetically polymorphic, also observed in KIR genes, led to the investigation of the relevance of the KIR system to hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The cure of patients with leukemias and other hematological malignancies after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been attributed in part to the ability of the donor immune cells, present in the graft, to recognize and eliminate neoplastic cells of the patient. The cytotoxic activity of NK cells is mediated by the absence of HLA class I-specific ligands on the target cell surface to inhibitory KIR receptors (hypothesis of "missing-self"). METHODS: We analyzed, by PCR typing-SSOP technique, the presence or absence of 16 KIR genes and haplotypes of 39 patients with hematopoietic disorders and 136 healthy individuals from Paraná State. The comparisons made between the patient and control group were performed using χ2 test or Fisher exact test (bilateral p-value), as appropriated. Significance level was considered when p-value ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: Framework genes KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR2DL4 and KIR3DL2 were positive in all samples. The comparison between KIR repertoire of patients and healthy individuals revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in inhibitors genes KIR2DL2 (p = 0.0005) and KIR2DL5 (p = 0.0067) and activating genes KIR2DS1 (p = 0.0013), KIR2DS2 (p = 0.0038), KIR2DS3 (p = 0.0153) that are more frequent in controls than in patients. The KIR2DS3 was significantly more frequent (p = 0.0031) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) when compared to patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We observed a higher frequency of haplotype A (59 %) in the patients. CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that susceptibility to leukemia can be influenced, at least, partly byKIR receptors.

Efeito da experiência desportiva e do grupo etário na satisfação e nos ativos de desenvolvimento de jovens futebolistas / Sport experience and age group effects on enjoyment and development assets of youth soccer athletes / Los efectos de la experiencia deportiva y la categoría de edad en las fuentesde satisfacción y los activos de desarrollo de jóvenes futbolistas

Resumo Durante a prática desportiva os atletas estão sujeitos a situações disposicionais que podem afetar a sua satisfação e os ativos de desenvolvimentos. Pretende-se: a) verificar os efeitos da experiência desportiva e do grupo etário nas fontes de satisfação e nos ativos de desenvolvimento de jovens futebolistas; b) analisar as relações e efeitos preditores dos ativos de desenvolvimento nos fatores de satisfação. Participaram 308 futebolistas com idades entre os 12 e 18 anos, que responderam ao DAP e SEYSQ. Procedeu-se à Anova, Manova e análise de regressão linear. O grupo etário influencia as fontes de satisfação e os ativos de desenvolvimento. O apoio familiar, a identidade positiva e os valores positivos revelam-se como preditores de satisfação.

Abstract During sport practice the athletes are submitted to dispositional situations that may influence their enjoyment and developmental assets. We aim to: a) verify the sport experience and age group effects on sources of enjoyment and development assets of youth soccer players. Participated 308 players, with ages between 12 and 18 participated, which responded to DAP and SEYSQ. An ANOVA, MANOVA and linear regression were performed. The age category influences the sources of satisfaction and development assets, and the measure factors between them are correlated. The family support, positive identity and positive values are predictors of sources of enjoyment in youth sport.

Resumen Durante la práctica deportiva, los atletas están sujetos a situaciones de disposición que pueden afectar su satisfacción y los activos de desarrollo. El objetivo fue: a) verificar los efectos de la experiencia deportiva y la categoría de edad en la satisfacción y los activos de desarrollo de jóvenes futbolistas; b) analizar la relación y los efectos predictivos de los activos de desarrollo en los factores de satisfacción. Participaron 308 futbolistas con edades entre los 12 y los 18 años, que respondían a DAP y SEYSQ. Los datos se analizaron mediante ANOVA, MANOVA y análisis de regresión lineal. La categoría de edad influye en la satisfacción y en los activos de desarrollo. El apoyo familiar, la identidad positiva y los valores positivos se revelaron como factores predictivos de satisfacción.

ABORDAGEM SOCIOLÓGICA NO ESPORTE: UM CASO NA INICIAÇÃO AO FUTSAL/FUTEBOL DE UM CLUBE BRASILEIRO / ENFOQUE SOCIOLÓGICO EN EL DEPORTE: UN CASO EN LA INICIACIÓN AL FÚTBOL SALA/FÚTBOL DE UN CLUB BRASILEÑO / SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH IN SPORT: A CASE IN THE INITIATION TO FUTSAL/SOCCER OF A BRAZILIAN CLUB

Objetivo: analisar o contexto da iniciação esportiva em jovens atletas do gênero masculino em uma equipe de futsal/futebol de um clube da Curitiba (Brasil), e como ocorrem as relações entre os indivíduos desta configuração. Método: procedeu-se a uma análise indutiva através das categorías: configuração; formação das equipes; grupo de pais; a competição; o técnico; relação entre os individuos, e conjuntamente, uma discussão dos dados obtidos sob a ótica de autores da sociologia. Os dados foram coletados em seis meses de observação nos locais de treinos e jogos do clube e através de entrevistas semiestruturadas para 9 sujeitos. A análise dos dados se deu por meio dos procedimentos da análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultado: identificou-se que a permanência na equipe de futsal é um habitus incorporado na configuração estudada e se dá sobretudo pela expectativa do jovem atleta se tornar jogador profissional de futebol de campo.

Aims: To analyze the context of sports initiation in young male athletes in a team of a Curitiba's (Brazil) five-a-side soccer/football club and how the relations take place between individuals of this setting. Method: An inductive analysis was performed through the categories: configuration; shaping of the teams; group of parents; the competition; the technical; relationship between individuals, parallel to a discussion of the data obtained from the perspective of sociology authors. Data were collected throughout six months of observation at their training settings and during the games. Semi-structured interviews of 9 subjects were also conducted. Data were analyzed following the procedures of Bardin's content analysis. Results: It was identified that the permanency whithin the team is an incorporated habitus on the studied configuration, mainly caused by the young athlete's expectations to become professional soccer player.

Objetivo: analizar el contexto de la iniciación deportiva en los atletas jóvenes de sexo masculino en un equipo de fútbol sala/fútbol, de un club de Curitiba (Brasil), y cómo las relaciones tienen lugar entre los individuos. Método: se llevó a cabo un análisis inductivo a través de las categorías: configuración; formación de los equipos; grupo de padres; la competición; lo técnico; relación entre los individuos, en paralelo con la discusión de los datos obtenidos a partir del punto de vista de los autores de la sociología. Los datos fueron recolectados en seis meses de observación en lugares de entrenamiento y los juegos del club y a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas a 9 sujetos. El análisis de datos fue siguiendo los procedimientos de análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultado: se identificó que la permanencia con el equipo es un habitus incorporado en la configuración estudiada y es causada principalmente por las expectativas del joven atleta de convertirse en jugador de fútbol profesional.

Determinantes de excelência no basquetebol feminino: as conquistas da seleção brasileira na perspectiva das atletas / DETERMINANTS OF EXCELLENCE IN FEMale BASKETBALL: ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE BRAZILIAN SELECTION IN the ATHLETES` VIEW

O escopo do estudo é a excelência esportiva, sendo objetivo investigar fatores determinantes para o desempenho de excelência da geração brasileira campeã mundial e medalhista olímpica de basquetebol feminino ao longo de anos, assim como as razões para a não manutenção de resultados expressivos na sequência. A metodologia é o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, sendo entrevistadas sete atletas de excelência. Foi evidenciado que é dinâmico e complexo o conjunto de fatores que resultam em desempenho de excelência, sendo determinante nesse caso: boa relação entre comissão técnica e atletas, a adequação das condições de treinamento com equipe multidisciplinar, períodos de treinamento concentrado e gerenciamento do treino desenvolvido nos clubes, a experiência do grupo e a capacidade de cada atleta de doar-se pelo grupo. Quanto ao declínio de resultados, está associado à gestão inadequada da modalidade, com pouca preocupação com a formação de treinadores e atletas, assim como aparente menor comprometimento das novas gerações com a Seleção.

Considering the field of sports excellence, this study aims to investigate determining factors for the notable performances of a generation of the Brazilian national women's basketball team which won a world championship and an Olympic medal. In addition, this study also aims to identify reasons for this national team not to have maintained significant results in the following generations. For the methodology we used the Collective Subjective Speech to interview seven expert athletes. The results show that the set of factors that result in excellence performance is dynamic and complex, being decisive in this case: good relationship between coaching staff and athletes, appropriate training conditions with a multidisciplinary team, periods of concentrated training, group experience, and the ability of each athlete to give to the group. In regards to the decline in performance of this national team, we believe this is associated with inadequate management of basketball in Brazil, with little concern for the training and development of coaches and athletes, as well as apparent lower commitment of the new generations with the national team.

Análise comparativa de clubes de futebol com escalões de formação de diferentes contextos / Comparative analysis of soccer clubs with formation teams from different contexts

No decorrer da sua existência e funcionamento os clubes estão sujeitos a influências provenientes do contexto onde estão inseridos, todavia também podem influenciar os sujeitos envolvidos no clube através da sua cultura organizacional. Pelas especificidades dos contextos dos clubes revela-se necessário obter dados sobre a sua cultura e o seu funcionamento para poder perceber os seus efeitos no envolvimento e desenvolvimento dos indivíduos. Para este artigo pretendeu-se a análise e comparação de três clubes de futebol de contextos diferentes, um clube profissional e dois amadores, em que um provém de meio rural e outro de meio urbano. Recorreu-se à observação participante e a entrevistas semiestruturadas para recolher os dados. A AAC-OAF diferencia-se dos clubes amadores pela sua orientação para o esporte de rendimento/espetacularização. Os últimos são suportados no voluntariado, dependendo mais das autarquias e políticas locais e revelam maiores dificuldades na angariação de voluntários, os quais aderem por amizade. A assunção dos cargos dirigentes nos clubes amadores são motivados pelo receio da extinção do clube. A estabilidade financeira da UCE contribui para mudanças na sua cultura e funcionamento organizacional. Todos os clubes demonstram falhas no processo de avaliação na implementação dos programas com vista ao desenvolvimento do jovem atleta, centrando-se esta essencialmente nos resultados desportivos obtidos.

The sport clubs are influenced during their existence and function by the environment where they're implemented, but can influence the individuals that are involved in the club, through organizational culture. Due to the different club context specificities it urges a data necessity about the clubs function, which will allow the implementation of intervention programs. This study pretends to analyse and compare three clubs from different contexts. For data, we selected by convenience three clubs, one professional and two amateurs, one of rural area and other from urban area. The AAC-OAF presents differences from the amateur clubs, being more oriented to sport performance/spectacularization. The amateur clubs are based on volunteering, depend more from local policies and authorities and reveal more difficulties in recruit volunteers, mainly, for management. The acceptance of manager's positions in the amateur clubs is due to the fear of extinction the club services. The financial stability of the UCE contributes for changes on organization culture and function. All the clubs present deficiencies in the evaluation process of the programs implementation for youth developmental, recurring more to the competition results.

O talento no futebol na perspectiva da bibliografia brasileira / The talent in soccer by the brazilian bibliographic perspective

A detecção, seleção e promoção de talentos esportivos se constitui como um processo de relevância tanto no âmbito bio-psico-social, quanto no âmbito econômico, visto o impacto que a identificação de atletas de alto nível traz a sociedade. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo fazer um levantamento acerca da temática, utilizando como método a análise de conteúdo. O processo é visto por um duplo viés: a lógica mercadológica e humano-holística. Há indícios de prevalência da lógica mercadológica, em que a valorização se dá, essencialmente, pelos capitais futebolísticos, que, por sua vez, apresentam uma difícil reconversão em outros capitais.

Detection, selection and promotion of sports talents have an important role in the economical context as well as in the bio-psycho-social context. Thereby, the aim of the present study was to review the literature about this theme using the content analysis method. The process have a double interpretation: the market logic and the human-holistic logic. There are evidence about the prevalence of the market logic, in which the appreciation occurs, essentially, bysoccer-related capitals, which hardly will be converted into other kinds of capital.

La detección, selección y promoción del talento deportivo, se convierte en un proceso de importancia, tanto en el contexto bio-psico-social, así como en el contexto económico, como el impacto que la identificación de los deportistas de alto nivel aporta la sociedad. Por lotanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo revisar la literatura sobre el tema: la detección, selección y promoción del talento en el campo de fútbol de Brasil, usando como método análisis de contenido. El proceso se ve en un doble sesgo: la lógica del mercado y la lógicahumana integral. Hay evidencia de que la prevalencia de la lógica del mercado, donde se produce la valoración, esencialmente por la capital del fútbol, que, a su vez, presenta una conversión difícil de otras capitales.